Introduction

When it comes to heart health, time is life. A heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked. Without timely treatment, that portion of the heart is permanently damaged. Every second counts, and recognizing the early signs of a heart attack can make the difference between life and death.

What Happens During a Heart Attack?

A heart attack usually results from the build-up of fatty deposits (plaques) in the coronary arteries. When a plaque ruptures, it forms a blood clot that blocks blood flow to the heart muscle. The deprived heart muscle begins to die within minutes. If treated promptly with medications like clot busters or procedures like angioplasty and stenting, the damage can be minimized. But if treatment is delayed, the consequences may be severe, such as permanent weakening of the heart, heart failure, dangerous arrhythmias, or even sudden cardiac death.

Why Recognizing Early Signs Matters

Most people delay seeking help because they ignore warning signals or assume the discomfort is due to acidity, indigestion, or fatigue. Unfortunately, this hesitation can be fatal. Studies show that half of heart attack deaths occur within the first hour, often before reaching a hospital. The golden rule: Don’t wait. Act fast.

Common Warning Signs of a Heart Attack

• Chest pain or discomfort that feels heavy, squeezing, or burning.
• Pain radiating to the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, or back.
• Shortness of breath, even at rest.
• Sweating and cold, clammy skin.
• Nausea, vomiting, or indigestion-like symptoms.
• Lightheadedness or fainting.

Atypical Symptoms in Certain Groups

Not everyone experiences classic chest pain. Women, elderly patients, and people with diabetes may have atypical symptoms such as:

• Fatigue or unusual weakness.
• Mild chest pressure without severe pain.
• Back or jaw pain without chest discomfort.
• Sudden sweating or shortness of breath alone.

What To Do If You Suspect a Heart Attack

1. Call emergency services (108/112 in India).
2. Stay calm and rest.
3. Chew an aspirin (if not allergic).
4. Take nitroglycerin if prescribed earlier.
5. Perform CPR if the person collapses and has no pulse.

What Not To Do

• Do not wait to see if symptoms go away.
• Do not drive long distances without medical help.
• Do not ignore mild or vague symptoms.

The Golden Hour

The first 60 minutes after the onset of a heart attack are known as the Golden Hour. Prompt treatment during this time can restore blood supply, reduce complications, and save lives. Clot-busting drugs are most effective within the first hour, while angioplasty can be life-saving when done quickly.

Preventing a Heart Attack: Protect Your Heart

• Adopting a heart-healthy diet with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
• Exercising at least 30 minutes a day, five days a week.
• Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol.
• Maintaining a healthy weight.
• Managing stress with yoga, meditation, or relaxation techniques.
• Going for regular check-ups if you have risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, or high cholesterol.

Final Word from Dr. P.K. Goel

As a cardiologist, I have seen countless patients who survived because they acted fast — and sadly, many who did not, because they waited too long. Your heart health is in your hands. Recognize the signs, respond without delay, and encourage your loved ones to do the same. Don’t wait. Act fast. It could save your life.

Disclaimer

This article is for general awareness. For any symptoms of a heart attack, seek emergency medical help immediately.